Racial Discrimination and African American Culture - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1218 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/02/05 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Racial Discrimination Essay Racism Essay Did you like this example? African Americans have made tremendous leaps towards equality. Even though they have the same legal rights as whites they do not have the same opportunities due to a multiple number of factors. African Americans constantly have to combat discrimination from most aspects of society. For example, there are more accounts of police brutality involving African Americans than whites. Also they are often given longer prison sentences due to the lack of African American judges and law officials. However, there are many small steps that we can take to combat this problem. In this article the author is trying to inform his readers on recent events of police brutality against african americans. The author gives two cases of police brutality. The first case involves an African American man named Alton Sterling. Sterling died from being shot in the back while he was laying on the ground with officers on top of him. This caused an uproar because the was already on the ground when the police shot and killed him. The second case also involved an african man named Philando Castile. Castile was stopped at a traffic stop and the officer asked if he had a gun. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Racial Discrimination and African American Culture" essay for you Create order Once he said yes the cop began to panic and then they began yelling back and forth. At this point the officer took out his weapon and fired four shots into Castile as his girlfriend and daughter watched. Since the police now wear body cameras the videos of these attacks went viral causing uproars and protests. The author appeals to the readers ethos and logos. The author appeals to ethos by using imagery and very descriptive words to describe the shootings. The author also uses logos because he provides facts and information. This topic relates to power because in this case the police are abusing their power. I found this article informative and helpful but not persuasive. The article did not persuade me to believe any certain way, however, the article did inform me and help me to see the real issue of police brutality. I think the author failed to talk about how only a small fraction of police officers are racist to african americans and the rest do their jobs and do not discriminate. I agree with the author when he quotes Minnesotas governor Mark Dayton. Mark Dayton realized the racial injustice and said Would this have happened if those passengers would have been white? he asked. I dont think it would have. Dayton brings up a good point and i agree with him. I also think if the passengers were white there would have been a different outcome. What struck me as irritating was when i read that Alton Sterling was laying on the ground with the officers on top of him when he was shot. This just shows that the officer who did this did not think to use any other methods like a taser or pepper spray. Now that i have studied this issue more i have realized that police brutality is becoming a serious issue in our society that needs to be addressed by all law enforcement agencies. I would present the issue of police brutality by showing people the body camera videos of all these horrific shootings because its one thing to read about it but when you watch it really understand how bad of an issue this really is. In the video Blindsided: The exoneration of Brian Banks Brian Banks gets interviewed about how he was falsely charged with rape. Banks played linebacker for his high school in Long Beach California where he received a scholarship to play at the University of Southern California. Then later that same year he was accused of rape by his classmate Wanetta Gibson. Even though there was little evidence to prove that he raped her he was still convicted in 2003. After 5 years in prison and 5 years on parole his attorney got a confession from Wanetta Gibson who admitted that she had fabroacted the entire story. This relates to opportunity and cultural influence because even though there was little evidence to charge him the courts did anyway. This is just another example of how african americans tend to be treated unfairly in court. This video was persuasive because it showed me how often african american men are falsely accused of rape. The video did not fail to consider anything about the issue. I agree with his defence attorney when she said that based off of his age, race, and size he would not be given a fair trial. It struck me as inspiring that 5 years later he was released from jail and his charges were dropped and he still achieved his dream of playing in the NFL for the Atlanta Falcons. Now that i have studied the issue i have learned that some judges still may hold biases and stereotypes towards African Americans. I would present the argument of unequal treatment in the courts by giving people examples of innocent african americans who were wrongly accused. Many african americans are often victim to racial profiling as well. In the article â€Å"injustice for all† written by the National Network for Immigrant and refugee rights it talks about how many african american men report being stopped for â€Å"driving while Black†. Most report that they were stopped for no reason or very weak reasons. African americans who work with corporations and have to commute a long way are most often to experience this. The author is trying to shed light on the issue of racial profiling. This relates to opportunity because it shows how african americans are often stopped and questioned by law enforcement and how they have less opportunities than their white counterparts. The argument was persuasive to me because it made me realize some of the everyday struggles african americans go through. The author failed to consider that this does not happen to all african americans. For example african americans living in urban city areas do not experience this as much as african americans who live in the country. I agree with the authors when they talk about african american drivers being racially profiled because i have an african american friend who has had this happen to him. What irritates me about this article is that the author makes it seem like all police officers racially profile african americans. However, racial profiling is still an issue that needs to stop, but as long as stereotypes exist racial profiling will also exist. The best thing we can do to combat this is to teach our children to respect all races and the issue will gradually fizzle out over time. Just because slavery is over and african americans have made major strides in combating discrimination they still face subtle forms of it today. These forms can range anywhere from police shootings and unequal prison sentences to something as simple as a police officer racially profiling and pulling over a black man. By researching this topic and educating myself about issues that i did not believe existed anymore. In my opinion the best thing we can do to stop things like this from happening is by eliminating false stereotypes of African American man. We can do this by educating the public about how many of the stereotypes against african men are not true.

Animal Rights Comparing the Views of Hasselstrom and...

Anna Katherine Giddens Laura Vernon EN 1103-39 24 October 2011 Animal Rights: Comparing the Views of Hasselstrom and Regan Imagine an animal’s feeling of panic and fear as it is about to be killed by a hunter or the isolation experienced as an animal sits in a laboratory, separated from its family and natural habitat, waiting to be harmed by harsh testing methods. Imagine the frightened state of a mother or father watching their innocent baby being captured. After considering the brutality towards animals in these scenarios, take into consideration the health benefits humans receive from different parts of these animals. Imagine health risks avoided through testing on animals first instead of on humans. Does human benefit justify†¦show more content†¦Regan presents a few cases such as those of rabbits, whales, and gibbons physically violated or murdered so that human beings can acquire unessential products. For instance, rabbits are used in cosmetic testing labs where they are held captive, lose their vision, and occasionally die . Rabbits do not have tear ducts so they are used to test harmful products that they cannot flush out of their eyes. Many of these products will result in the destruction of the iris or cornea as well as swelling, redness, or blindness in the eyes. Along with rabbits, whales are also being harmed and killed for unnecessary reasons; they are hunted so that wax, perfume, and soap can be made. Another scenario given by Regan is the hunting of baby gibbons for veal. The difference between the killing of gibbons and the killing of cattle for meat or hide has to do with the method in which they are being killed. Regan makes it very clear that the methods that these animals are killed by are cruel and wrong, whereas Hasselstrom ensures us that, in her case, the cattle she raises are well taken care of and not treated with cruelty. In â€Å"Animal Rights, Human Wrongs,† Regan states that when baby gibbons are captured, their mothers are often killed in the process. After being separated from their mothers at a very young age, the young gibbons are held captive under harsh living conditions. Many die from suffering in their small, dark cells on wooden floors while waiting to be slaughtered. He then

How Many Types Of Sharks Are There Essay Example For Students

How Many Types Of Sharks Are There Essay Although sharks belong to the class Chondrichtyes, there are manydifferent types. Sharks arose about 350 million years ago and have remainedvirtually unchanged for the past 70 million years and still comprise a dominantgroup. It is thought that sharks almost certainly evolved from placoderms, agroup of primitive jawed fishes. It took a long series of successful andunsuccessful mutations with fin, jaw positions etc to give us all the differentdesigns of sharks around today. When asked to draw a shark, most people woulddraw a shape along the lines of the whaler shark family, tigers or a mackeralshark such as a porbeagle. However many people do not realize the sheerdiversity in the shape of sharks, or that rays are really sharks. Seldom doessuch an animal inspire such a variety of emotions reflecting a mixture offascination, awe and fear. Sharks have occasionally exacted a terrible pricefrom humans who have trespassed on their territory. No better understood thanthe ocean that they inha bit, these creatures should be regarded in the same wayas lions, tigers, and bears: as dangerous, predatory but nonetheless magnificentanimals. Different Types of Sharks Living sharks are divided into eight majororders, each easily recognizable by certain external characteristics. Each ordercontains one or more smaller groups, or families. In all there are 30 familiesof sharks and they contain the 350 or more different kinds or species of sharks. The eight major orders of sharks include the Squantiformes, Pristiophormes,Squaliformes, Hexanchiformes, Carcharhiniformes, Lamniformes, Orectolobiformes,and the Heterodotiformes. The orders have distinguishing characteristics thatfit in each. The Squantiformes normally have flat bodies that are ray-like withmottled dorsal surfaces. These sharks have a short terminal mouth, which isarmed with small impaling teeth. They also have a caudal fin, which has a lowerlobe that is longer than the upper lobe. Their pectoral fins extend forward overthe ventrally directed gills. The Pristiophormes have more of an elongatedsnout, which is saw-like and edged with slender, needle-sharp lateral teeth. They have two dorsal fins and no anal fin. They use short transverse mouths andsmall cuspidate holding teeth in both jaws. Squaliformes have no anal fin aswell, but their snout is not elongated, but is somewhat long. Many have powerfulcutting teeth in both jaws. In some species these razor sharp teeth are in thelower jaw only and the upper teeth serve to hold the food. Hexanchiformes havesix or seven gill slits. They are sharks with a single spineless dorsal fin, andan anal fin. The typical Carcharhiniforme has an elongated snout, a long mouththat reaches behind the eyes, an anal fin and two spineless dorsal fins. Theeyes have movable, nictitating lower eyelids worked by unique muscles. Teethvary from small and cuspidate or flattened to large and bladelike. Carcharhiniformes have no enlarged rear crushing teeth. Along with this theyhave a spiral scroll intestinal valve. A Lamniforme shark has an elongatedsnout. Most have long mouths that reach behind the eyes, an anal fin and twospineless dorsal fins. They also have a ring intestinal valve. TheOrectolobiformes have pig-like snouts and short mouths that in most species areconnected to the nostrils by grooves. There is an anal fin but no fin spines onthe two dorsal fins. They have uniquely formed barbells at the inside edges ofthe nostrils. Heterodotiformes are the only living shark that combines finspines on their two dorsal fins and anal fin. They only have five-gill slits. Ineach order there are specific types of sharks. Each shark belongs to a familywith different species. The Angel shark (Squantiforme) is just one of the many. .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 , .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 .postImageUrl , .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 , .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8:hover , .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8:visited , .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8:active { border:0!important; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8:active , .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Scarlet Letter Essay IntroductionIt has a single family of about thirteen species. They are all ovoviviparouslivebearers and most do not exceed 1.5 meters. Saw sharks (Pristiophoriformes)are harmless bottom sharks. They are also a single family but with five species. They are also ovoviviparous livebearers. Four sharks that belong to the orderSqauliforme are the Bramble, Dogfish, and Rough sharks. They have three familieswith eighty-two species. They too, are ovoviviparous livebearers. They have morecylindrical bodies. Frilled sharks, Six, and Seven gill sharks (Hexanchiformes)have two families and five species. Once again they are also ovoviviparouslivebearers. Usually, these guys are found in deep waters. The Catsharks,Finback Catshark, False Catshark, Barbelled Houndshark, Weasel, Houndshark,Hammerhead, and Requiem sharks (Carcharhiniformes) have one hundred andninety-seven known species. Most of these sharks are known to be dangerous. Theyare both oviparous and ovoviviparous livebearers. This is not the type of sharkyou would like to have grace you presence. From the order of Landformes is theSand, Basking, Goblin, Crocodile, Megamouth, Thresher, and Mackerel sharks. Theycome complete with seven families and fifteen or sixteen species. All of themare ovoviviparous livebearers. These sharks are found in all seas except Arcticand Antarctic. The last group of sharks would be the Collared Carpet sharks,Blind, Wobbegongs, Zebra, Longtailed Carpet Sharks, Whale, and Nurse sharks. They all belong to the order Orectolobiformes and have seven families andthirty-three species. These sharks prefer the warmer water and are bothovoviviparous and oviparous livebearers. Obviously these sharks come in manydifferent sizes and some are more dangerous than others. At least eighteenspecies in four families and nine genera have been implicated in attacks onhumans. Obviously a small shark such as the Pygmy is harmless, but they stillmust be treated as a predator especially the bigger ones. The smallest of allsharks is the Pygmy Ribbontail Catshark, which is about 0.24 meters. Next inline from smallest to largest would be the Port Jackson Shark, which is about1.65 meters. After them would be the Ornate Wobbegong (2.88m) and then the Bullshark (3.4m). The average sizes go drastically up from there to the Great Whiteshark, which is incredibly larger, its about 6.4 meters. The two greatest sizesare the Basking shark (7.8m) and the Whale shark (13.7m). These sharks listedhere are definitely not all the sharks in the world, they were just meant togive an average range of size for all sharks. Some of the most dangerous sharksrange from about 2 to 8 meters. The Hammerhead, Great White, Tiger, Blue, andthe Bull shark name a few. There are many types of sharks lurking around intodays ocean. In every one is unique in its own way. Some are different bysize, shape, eating habits, or even the way they breed. Although with all thesedifferences they are all very similar and that is why the shark is one of themost amazing creatures of our time. Summary Although sharks belong to the classChondrichtyes, there are many different types. Sharks are divided into 8 majororders. Each order contains 1 or more smaller group. There are 350 or moredifferent kinds of species of sharks. The 8 orders are named the Squantiformes,Pristiophormes, Squaliformes, Hexanchiformes, Carcharhiniformes, Lamniformes,Orectolobiformes, and the Heterodotiformes. These orders group sharks accordingto certain distinguishing characteristics. The Angel shark, Saw shark, Frilledshark, Hammerhead shark, Sand shark, Wobbegongs, and more all belong to aspecific order due to their characteristics. Each one of these sharks come indifferent shapes and sizes. Some are more dangerous than others. The moredangerous sharks range from about 2 to 8 meters. It is obvious that sharks areone of the most amazing creatures of our time. .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 , .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 .postImageUrl , .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 , .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5:hover , .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5:visited , .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5:active { border:0!important; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5:active , .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ufos and aliens on earth EssayBibliographyClarkJ. 1975. Shark frenzy. Grosset ; Dunlap Publishers, New York NY. 106 pp. Clark, E. 1981. Sharks, magnificent and misunderstood. National Geographic160:138-186 (Aug. 1991) Compagno, L. J. V. 1984. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustratedcatalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes FAO Fish. Synop. (125) Vol. 4, Pt. 2: 251-655. Conniff R. 1993. From jaws to laws nowthe big bad shark needs protection from us. Smithsonian 24: 32-43 (Number 2,May1993). Burgess, R. F. 1970. The sharks. Doubleday ; Company, Inc., GardenCity NY. 159 pp

Music Copyright in the Digital Age Essay Example For Students

Music Copyright in the Digital Age Essay The art of sampling music is relatively new to the world of music. Since its debut, there have been many legal, moral, and stylistic arguments over how to deal with both artists that choose to use samples, and the artists whos music is being sampled. After watching the movie Copyright Criminals, I full heartedly disagree with the following thesis: The current licensing system for sampling ensures fair compensation to musical creators. Clyde Stultified, also known as the Funky Drummer of James Browns band, is the perfect example of how the current licensing yester is unfair towards musical creators. One day Clyde showed James Brown a new drum pattern that he had come up with, and James instantly loved it and put lyrics to the rhythm. It has been a while since Clyde has played as James Browns drummer, however Cycles drum pattern has been sampled plenty since being in the band. In fact his drum pattern is one of the most sampled musical pieces ever and has been used in hit songs by some artists like Public Enemy, Run-DMS, The Beastie Boys, ALL Cool J, N. W. A, Prince, Reawaken, Boogie Down Productions and more! The problem is that royalties were hardly ever paid during early sampled songs, and when they were, James Brown would get the money for being the songwriter. George Clinton, of the band Parliament, is also notorious for being sampled heavily and not getting paid for it. His songs have been sampled in songs of other artists like Snoop Dog and Rick James. George Clinton and Clyde Stultified both have seen their musical creations get used, and receive nothing in return. Although George said Rock and Roll has always been lazy he wants that to change and have future musicians create their own riffs because he feels he has not been fairly compensated. On the other hand sometimes, an artist such as The Turtles, start a lawsuit against a band that samples their music, like De La Soul. While The Turtles should have been asked for permission to use their song before being sampled, De La Soul was forced to pay an overabundant amount of money to resolve the lawsuit. While De La Soul wasnt fully ware of the crime they were committing at the time, it cost them nearly $1 ask. One studio executive said in Copyright Criminals, Sampling artists are taking the lifes work of other artists and putting their own name on it. When an artist spends weeks writing a song (maybe even a lifetime), and another artist comes around and samples that song (which takes mere seconds); It does not seem right to not pay the original artist money nor recognition. If someone were to use the scene of one movie in another, you could bet that the second movie would have to pay the first movie as well as give credit to it. So why should the music industry be much different? While some may argue that sampling is a new form of musical statement, many others feel differently because their statement is comprised of a different artists message in that different artists tone. If you were to quote someone famous, you are not the creator of that statement; Just someone receipting what was once said. If you are going to make a living off of someone elses work, more royalties and recognition would be distributed to original artists to ensure fairness. In conclusion, when sampled music is in another artists song, the original artist of the sampled music is hardily ever treated fairly by the licensing system in terms of compensation. A Music Copyright in the Digital Age By Mudstone example, Clyde would be paid every time someone hears his drum beat in a song. While the issues of copyright infringement are tricky, they must be resolved to ensure fairness to artists pouring their heart and soul into their creations.

12 Rules for Punctuating Dialogue Like a BOSS

12 Rules for Punctuating Dialogue Like a BOSS How to Punctuate Dialogue: A Guide for Writers Do you use single or double quote marks for dialogue? Find out here. The rules of punctuating dialogue, whether in fiction or non-fiction, are tricksy little creatures. Despite our exposure to hundreds of thousands of dialogue lines, writers aren’t always familiar with how to punctuate a scene where characters are speaking to each other. But this, of course, is by design.With well-written dialogue,  readers shouldn’t notice the periods and quote marks. Their function is to make the words easier to read and disappear into the background. In this post, we’ll take you through the basics of how to punctuate dialogue. By the end, you can be sure that your dialogue never trips over its own commas ever again. Rule #1: Should you use double or single quotation marks?In American English, direct speech is normally represented with double quotation marks:â€Å"It’s time to pay the piper.†You might see British editors occasionally place a period (or full stop, as they say) outside the quote marks. But in those cases, it is not used for spoken dialogue but for quoting "sentence fragments", or perhaps when styling the title of a short story like "The Gift of the Magi". If you have any thoughts or questions, leave a message in the comments below.

The Truth about Global Warming

The Truth about Global Warming Free Online Research Papers Over the past half century our world has become more modernized than we ever thought possible. We have innovative things to make our lives quicker and more efficient including DVDs, the IPod, and the Internet. This technology has become integrated into our society and even in a way part of our lives. It has also led to increased manufacturing and production and in turn increased the CO2 output by man kind. However, is this increase substantial enough to cause a change in the Earths climate? Scientists have been debating this for years and have yet to come up with an answer to this question even with overwhelming evidence supporting the idea that humans are not the cause of global warming. There is too much evidence to deny that the Earths warming is due to a natural change in the Earths climate, not mankind. Past and future fluctuations in the Earths climate, the sun, and the energy it emits, and North and South Pole activities all prove that man made global warming is a myth that ha s gotten out of hand. The newspapers and television have helped push this man made global warming into what it is today. Throughout history the Earth goes through climate stages both warming and cooling. During the Holocene, there have been about seven major warming and cooling trends, some lasting as long as 3000 years, others as short as 650. They have been able to see this through the layers in the ice. Recently Russian scientist drilled 3.5 km of ice to acquire a specimen with information about the last 400,000 years, before mankind was emitting harmful CO2 gasses. They found that during the last 400,000 years the earth has scene four two-phase climate cycles; a gradual warming followed by a quick cooling. This proves through scientific study that the earth undergoes climate stages and that the globe is in reality experiencing a gradual warming but it is not caused by man. You can also see these climate changes through the rings in trees. Tree growth is slowed during cold times and is greater during warmth. By looking a specimens of trees scientist can see the different periods of warming and cool ing. According to some the Earth is going to continue to warm as long as we as humans continue to abuse the planet we live on. This couldnt be further from the truth. In fact, the warming is in fact soon to be replaced by the second stage of the climate stages. Both satellite and ground based temperature readings have show a decrease in temperature in the last few years. These readings contradict the idea of man-made global warming, by bringing the climate cycle to attention. Scientist have started to predict that by 2012 a fairly cold spell will set in and a real cold will come will come in 2041. This could be the ice age that we are overdue to have. This is caused by solar activity; warm periods of temperature when it is at its peak and cold at the minimum. Scientist know about two 11 and 200 year solar activity cycles that are caused by changes in the radius and irradiating solar surface. These cycles are in direct correlation with the Earths temperature, proving the idea that the Earth heats in stages and man is not causing it. Looking at changes in the energy the sun outputs you can effectively see the relationship between it and the climate of the Earth. When the suns magnetism is strong the suns output is higher and the Earth is warmer. The suns output has a direct connection with the Earths climate. The ups and downs of temperature match almost exactly the ups and downs and changes in magnetism. For example, in the 1000-1300, the middle ages with no greenhouse gases, there was a period of warming where the sun was more active magnetically and brighter energetically than today followed by a period of time with low sun activ ity therefore lower temperatures. Another good indicator that the Earth is done warming and is soon to be in the second stage of its cycle is the behavior of the poles. Observations in Antarctica show that the temperature is not rising, in fact, some say it is even falling therefore the Antarctic Ice, the biggest freshwater supply on Earth and the main reason for the rise of the ocean level is not likely to be melting. At the beginning of the 21st century the trend of warming reversed and now observers in Antarctica have found that the average temperature has dropped. The Glaciers there are not melting quickly or retreating; however, in many places they are advancing especially in the cooler, eastern part of Antarctica. The ice isnt melting it is growing which indicates that the temperatures are indeed going down. We have no reason to panic about allegations that ice in the Arctic Ocean is thawing rapidly and will soon vanish altogether scientist say the Arctic and Antarctic shields are growing. Many scientists agree that man-made global warming is a myth, not all but more scientist then before. Over 400 prominent scientists from more that two dozen countries recently voiced significant objections to the so-called consensus on man-made global warming and numerous colleges shared their views, but they will not speak out publicly for fear of retribution. There is an abundant amount of evidence saying the Earth is getting colder after a long period of warming. More and more people and scientists are becoming skeptics of the myth man-made global warming every year and this trend will most likely continue to as long as the Earth continues to cool. Research Papers on The Truth about Global WarmingRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Spring and AutumnPETSTEL analysis of IndiaMind TravelGenetic EngineeringBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCapital PunishmentMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia The Truth About Global Warming Free Online Research Papers Global Warming is a rapidly growing issue in American society. Many scientists have proven the existence of Global Warming, but the reasons for such is still in part speculated. Al Gore expressed the issue of Global Warming in the documentary â€Å"An Inconvenient Truth† with a presentation full of maps, graphs, charts, statistics, and photos. Gore presents many facts about Global Warming, but also makes examples that do not directly relate to Global Warming. He presents Global Warming as the rising levels of greenhouse gasses, mainly carbon dioxide, causing a state of environmental emergency. Gore speculates that the devastation of hurricane Katrina in 2005 was a direct result of Global Warming; also Gore mentions that the melting ice cap of Mt. Kilimanjaro is because of Global Warming. Gore says that Global Warming is causing stronger storms, such as Katrina, and rising temperatures causing Mt. Kilimanjaro’s ice cap to melt. Mt. Kilimanjaro lies 220 miles south of the Equator on the continent of Africa. The ice fields of Kilimanjaro are known as tropical ice fields. Ohio State University Geologist Lonnie Thompson published a report saying that Tropical glaciers are more vulnerable to climate change; even small temperature changes can cause major devastation to the ice. A climatologist from The University of Massachusetts Douglass R. Hardy, who has been recording temperatures from the mountain since 2000, mentions that â€Å"forest reduction in the areas surrounding Kilimanjaro, and not global warming, might be the strongest human influence on glacial recession.† Hardy points to honey collectors smoking out bees which in turn cause forest fires, and clearing of land for agricultural purposes for melting ice caps. The loss of vegetation causes less moisture in the air directly causing less cloud cover, which in turn causes higher temperatures. Many scientists conclude there is evidence of tropical glaciers receding since 1912. However most note that dramatic drops in lake levels surrounding Kilimanjaro indicate less rainfall and cloudiness dating back to 1880. These are all major factors contributing to the rapid melting of Kilimanjaro’s ice caps. In the documentary Al Gore explains that global warming is in fact the cause of this devastation on Mt. Kilimanjaro. There is no contestation that the glaciers of Kilimanjaro are melting, but the causes are not global warming (Minarcek). In the documentary (An Inconvenient Truth) Gore presents the idea that global warming is causing greater storms. His main example is hurricane Katrina that hit New Orleans in 2005. Gore presented many pictures of the devastation, flooding, and people of New Orleans. Gore has no real evidence points to global warming causing stronger storms. Instead he uses the pictures of devastation from hurricane Katrina to make his audience believe out of sympathy. There is no doubt that Katrina was a very powerful storm that caused much devastation, but how strong was it? Katrina was measured a category five hurricane, the strongest on the scale, and the first of the twenty-first century. The last category five hurricane was Camille which made landfall in Mississippi in 1969, causing much less devastation totaling only seven deaths due to proper evacuation and point of landfall. What made Katrina so much more popular was the negligence of the government and citizens of Louisiana. On average the city of New Orleans is five feet below see level. The levee system surrounding the city was only built to withstand a slow moving category two or a fast moving category three hurricane. The system was overloaded by Katrina causing it to fail. The pumps in the levees could not pump the water out because they were completely submerged. Since the pumps could not function the flood waters had nowhere to go, which is what caused the city to stay underwater for weeks. This flooding is what caused most of the physical damage to the city. The rest of the disaster was brought on by the people of New Orleans. The government did not have a proper evacuation program in place causing a great number of people stranded in the city. The Superdome was used as a shelter for the remaining citizens. The slow reaction of the government left these people stranded in the Superdome, without food or fresh drinking water. Citizens began looting and stealing for survival. In the aftermath of Katrina the media blamed the category five storm for such devastation, when in fact it was the hurricane procedures and people of New Orleans to blame for the mass destruction of the city (McCarragher). Gore uses these two examples of global warming effects without proper facts. If Kilimanjaro’s melting glaciers were caused by global warming it would be a proper example. However since it is caused by other factors it is not a proper example of global warming Gore creates doubt amidst his audience when he uses examples that do not directly relate to his cause. The pictures and evidence of melting glaciers on Mt. Kilimanjaro and the destruction of hurricane Katrina is very real and convincing, but they are not applicable to Gore’s presentation. He uses them to create support for his cause with ignorance of their cause. With more time and effort it may be possible to disprove more of Gore’s ideas and examples of global warming. Scientific facts have disproved the two ideas chosen for this paper and have caused reasonable doubt for Gore’s entire presentation on global warming. Research Papers on The Truth About Global WarmingRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andPETSTEL analysis of IndiaHip-Hop is ArtDefinition of Export QuotasBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaGenetic EngineeringAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Marketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Humanities-Medieval Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Humanities-Medieval Women - Essay Example Women during the era of middle ages were undermined and not accepted to participate in both social and economic activities. Women had certain amount of value in the society, but the bad part was that this value was placed in shape of economic good. They were recognized for two purposes: firstly, they were recognized for bringing up children; secondly, they were used for manual work. Women were paid low amount of wages, and this became the foundation of the standing of the economy of the medieval era. In various situations they used to assist other men in the work of agricultural production. The situation was so bad for the women that they were compensated even less than what children use to be paid for their work. Education was supposed to be crime or non religious activities for women, and the church was against women education not allowing them to participate in tasks that required good amount of education. The only allowed task other than working in the fields of agriculture was t aking the role of midwife (Chilton 167). Women were the leading portion of the workforce of the textile industry; they heavily participated in the areas of woolen and silk. Although they enjoyed majority in such jobs, the amount of money they were compensated for their labor was near to zero. Other than working hard in the areas where manual labor was required, women were even the chief contributor of household tasks especially if they were married. Introduction of flour mills decreased the amount of hard work women had to do, and this even saved them ample amount of time and increased the compensation they were paid. Unionization came into existence, and the unions started controlling the skilled labor within the society. This encouraged the wealthy businessmen to pay women compensation in advance, and they started employing them on individual level. The industry that experienced hiring of women in huge numbers was the textile industry (Lawson 120). Those women whose skills were ne eded and highly desirable started gaining rewards when companies performed well. During the period of Chaucer, the role and status of women started altering, and they started to earn a little bit better compared to what they were previously earning. Thus, their existence started gaining importance. The increase in economic status of the women shook the foundations of the unions, and women started participating in these unions and their voice started gaining representation among unions. It is hard for the researchers to determine the accuracy of the female population of that time. It can be explained by the fact that during the Middle ages women were not a part of the consensus. Other than working as manual laborers, women were considered important for giving birth and children upbringing; a special significance of these issues could be observed in the rural centers. Huge amount of importance was placed on a woman’s child bearing ability because more children meant increase in workers in the agricultural sector; thus, women were considered almost as ‘machines’ that produced babies. One of the most disturbing facts of that era was that women were being married to men on the trial basis in which the individuals whose fertility level was high were married to each other. The point of highest concern was that